Crescimento e produção do tomateiro cultivado sob condições de campo e de ambiente protegido

Abstract

Foram realizados dois experimentos, na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, objetivando caracterizar o crescimento e a produção de frutos pelo tomateiro cultivado sob condições de campo e de ambiente protegido. O primeiro, com a cultivar Santa Clara, cultivada a campo no sistema de cerca cruzada e sete cachos. O segundo, em estufa plástica, com o híbrido EF-50, conduzidas verticalmente e mantendo-se oito cachos. Ambos os experimentos foram delineados em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O primeiro constituído por oito e o segundo, por nove tratamentos. Em ambos os experimentos, os frutos acumularam mais matéria seca que os demais órgãos da planta. No primeiro experimento, os valores máximos de matéria seca total e de frutos, altura de planta, taxa de crescimento absoluto (G), taxa crescimento relativo (R), taxa assimilatória líquida (E) e índice de área foliar (L) foram 406,0 g planta-1; 207,0 g planta-1; 146,0 cm; 8.552,0 mg planta-1 dia-1; 87,0 mg g-1 dia-1; 38,0 mg dm-2 dia-1 e 4,1, respectivamente. Em ambiente protegido, os valores máximos daquelas características enumeradas anteriormente foram 398,0 g planta-1; 269,0 g planta-1; 85,0 cm; 5.710,0 mg planta-1 dia-1; 54,0 mg g-1 dia-1; 464,0 mg dm-2 dia-1 e 4,5, respectivamente. A produção total de frutos, no primeiro experimento, foi 94,8 t ha-1; destes, 93% foram classificados como comerciais, equivalente a 738,0 kg ha-1 dia-1. No segundo experimento, a produção total de frutos foi 115,4 t ha-1; destes, 94% foram classificados como comerciais, equivalente a 807,0 kg ha-1 dia-1.

Two experiments were conducted at Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Brazil) to evaluate tomato plant growth and fruit yield under field and protected conditions. In the first experiment, tomato cv. Santa Clara was grown in the field and supported with stakes and each with seven clusters. In the second one tomato hybrid EF-50 was grown in plastic greenhouse and plants were vertically trellised and pruned at eight clusters stage. Both experiments were designed as randomized complete blocks, with four replicates. In the first and second experiment eight and nine treatments were evaluated, respectively. In both experiments, the fruits accumulated more dry matter than the other organs of the plant. In the first experiment, the highest values of plant and fruit dry matters, plant height, absolute growth rate (G), relative growth rate (R), net assimilation rate (E), and leaf area index (L) were 406.0 g plant-1; 207.0 g plant-1; 146.0 cm; 8,552.0 mg plant-1 day-1; 87.0 mg g-1 day-1; 38.0 mg dm-2 day-1 and 4.1, respectively. In the second experiment, the highest values for the above characteristics were 398.0 g plant-1; 269.0 g plant-1; 85.0 cm; 5,710.0 mg plant-1 day-1; 54.0 mg g-1 day-1; 464.0 mg dm-2 day-1 and 4.9, respectively. In the first experiment, total fruit yield reached 96.8 t ha-1; 93% of them were classified as marketable, corresponding to 738.0 kg ha-1 day-1 yield. In the second experiment, total yield was 115.4 t ha-1 with 94% of them graded as marketable, corresponding to 807.0 kg ha-1 day-1 yield.