Caracterização bioclimática de um galpão experimental de criação de frangos de corte na região de Diamantina-MG

Abstract

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as condições bioclimáticas de um galpão experimental de frangos de corte da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), no campus JK, em Diamantina, MG. A avaliação foi feita com base na mensuração das variáveis ambientais de temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar, temperatura de globo negro e velocidade do ar no interior da instalação, em 42 dias de período experimental. Com os dados coletados foram calculados os índices de temperatura e umidade (ITU), o índice de temperatura de globo negro e umidade (ITGU), a carga térmica de radiação (CTR) e o índice de entalpia (Hº). O desempenho foi avaliado aos 42 dias de idade dos frangos, através dos parâmetros de peso vivo (PV), ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD), consumo de ração (CR), conversão alimentar (CA) e viabilidade criatória (VB). Verificou-se que, na maior parte do período experimental, a temperatura no interior do galpão esteve fora da zona de conforto térmico para as aves e a umidade relativa do ar encontrou-se acima dos limites recomendados, exceto no horário de 15:00 horas. O ITU esteve abaixo da zona de conforto até a segunda semana, indicando que as aves estiveram em estresse por frio neste período. O ITGU às 21:00 horas esteve fora do preconizado durante todo o período experimental. A CTR e o Hº também estiveram abaixo do preconizado em todo o período experimental, indicando pouca quantidade de calor na instalação onde os animais foram alojados. O desempenho dos frangos de corte mostrou-se inferior ao esperado. Neste sentido, recomenda-se realizar alterações no galpão como: reduzir as entradas de ar, diminuir o volume de ar a ser aquecido nas primeiras semanas de vida das aves e fornecer aquecimento suplementar ao nível de galpão, afim de, proporcionar o melhor conforto térmico e, consequentemente, maior desempenho produtivo dos frangos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioclimatic conditions of an experimental shed broiler Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM) in JK campus in Diamantina, MG. The assessment was made based on the measurement of environmental variables of air temperature, relative humidity, black globe temperature and air velocity within the facility, in 42-day trial. With the collected data we calculated the temperature and humidity index (THI), the black globe temperature and humidity index (BGTHI), the radiation heat load (RHL) and the enthalpy index (Ho). The performance was evaluated at 42 days of age the broiler chickens through the parameters live weight (LW), average daily gain weight (ADGW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and production viability (PV). It was found that most of the trial period the temperature inside the shed was out of thermal comfort zone for birds and the relative humidity The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioclimatic conditions of an experimental shed broiler Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM) in JK campus in Diamantina, MG. The assessment was made based on the measurement of environmental variables of air temperature, relative humidity, black globe temperature and air velocity within the facility, in 42-day trial. With the collected data we calculated the temperature and humidity index (THI), the black globe temperature and humidity index (BGTHI), the radiation heat load (RHL) and the enthalpy index (Ho). The performance was evaluated at 42 days of age the broiler chickens through the parameters live weight (LW), average daily gain weight (ADGW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and production viability (PV). It was found that most of the trial period the temperature inside the shed was out of thermal comfort zone for birds and the relative humidity was found above the recommended limits, except in the 15:00. The THI was below the comfort zone until the second week, indicating that the birds were in cold stress in this period. The BGTHI at 21:00 was outside the recommended throughout the experimental period. RHL and the Ho also were below the recommended throughout the trial period, indicating little amount of heat in the facility where the animals were housed. The performance of the broiler chickens proved to be lower than expected. In this sense, it is recommended to make changes in the shed to: reduce air intake, decrease the volume of air to be heated in the first weeks of bird life and provide additional heating to the shed level in order to, provide the best thermal comfort and hence higher performance of broilers.was found above the recommended limits, except in the 15:00. The THI was below the comfort zone until the second week, indicating that the birds were in cold stress in this period. The BGTHI at 21:00 was outside the recommended throughout the experimental period. RHL and the Ho also were below the recommended throughout the trial period, indicating little amount of heat in the facility where the animals were housed. The performance of the broiler chickens proved to be lower than expected. In this sense, it is recommended to make changes in the shed to: reduce air intake, decrease the volume of air to be heated in the first weeks of bird life and provide additional heating to the shed level in order to, provide the best thermal comfort and hence higher performance of broilers.